1POINTS OF SAIL认识帆船航行角度
2HOISTING THE MAINSAIL升主帆Preparation准备工作Running backstays moved forward滑动后支索向前移动Main halyard attached主帆升帆索系上主帆上帆角（head）Reefing lines clutches and jammers open and free to run打开所有缩帆绳的夹绳器Crew member standing at goose neck to keep reefing lines under control during hoist水手站在帆杆根部整理并保持缩帆绳在升主帆过程中始终在控制之中，没有缠绕和结节
VMT（takes the weight of the boom off the sail and onto topping lift to facilitate the hoist）VMT（拉帆杆吊索将帆杆上提使其重量从帆上卸掉，以帮助升起主帆，直至帆顶角升到位）Vang clutch open斜拉器打开Ease the main sheet松主帆缭绳Grind in on topping lift用绞盘升起帆杆吊索
Hoisting （升起主帆）Two crews ready to sweat at the mast二名水手站在桅杆旁准备从内向外拉主帆升帆索One crew tailing the main halyard from a primary winch一名水手将主帆升帆索顺时针缠绕在承重最大的绞盘上Sail ties off，rest of crew either forward of the mast or behind the helm绑帆绳松开，其他水手要么站在桅杆前的甲板要么站在舵的后面，以确保安全Crew to sweat the main up as far as they can水手们尽可能快地拉动主帆升帆索升起主帆Halyard then needs to be ground onto desired tension主帆升帆索需要拉紧到需要的张力
TMV（transfers weight of boom back onto leech of sail to allow correct twist to be set with mainsheet/vang）TMV（将帆杆的重量施加到后帆边上，通过调整主帆缭绳和斜拉器来调整后帆边扭曲度至合适程度）Topping lift is eased 松开帆杆吊索Main sheet ground on 收紧主帆缭绳Vang pulled tight斜拉器拉紧
Tidy up整理Transfer main halyard back to pit winch将最大绞盘上的主帆升帆索转换到操作区副绞盘上Safety turn on main halyard and flake再缠绕几圈确保安全Reef line clutches to be shut缩帆绳固定在夹绳器上
3Hoisting Yankee or Staysail升起大前帆和前帆Preparation准备工作 Two crew at mast ready to sweat二名水手站在桅杆处准备由内向外侧拉升帆索One crew on the halyard tailing（primary or pit winch）一名水手负责将升帆索缠绕在绞盘上（大绞盘或者副绞盘）One crew ready on the sheet with three turns around the winch一名水手负责将缭绳缠绕在绞盘上三圈Sail ties off解开绑帆带Clew hung over guard rails（check and chunk）后帆角搭到护栏外侧一些 Ensure running backstay is in guard position确保滑动式后支索（侧后支索）在安全位置（安全位置是指滑动式后支索处在中间位置，可以阻挡受风后呈空中鞭打状态的前帆受力缭绳，以保护操作区水手安全）
Hoisting升前帆Sweat sail up由内向外拉桅杆处的前帆升帆索Control both sheets to minimize flogging控制二侧的前帆缭绳将空中的抽打鞭打状态控制在最小Grind halyard tension on with bowman calling tension和前甲板手的观察配合将前帆升帆索升到需要的拉力Grind on sheet after halyard tension has been set在调整好升帆索拉力后，快速收紧调整前帆缭绳Grind on sheet after halyard tension has been set在调整好升帆索拉力后，快速收紧调整前帆缭绳
Tidy up整理Staysail/yankee halyard safety turn on winch，flaked and clutches left open小前帆/大前帆升帆索绞盘上再绕安全套2-3圈，夹绳器保持打开状态，让绞盘受力，夹绳器不受力。
4TACKING 迎风换舷
Preparation准备Helmsman call“are you ready to tack？”Running backstay goes back舵手呼喊准备换舷，侧后支索向后滑动Runner is pulled back and slack taken out by hand侧后支索向后用手臂力量拉紧Lazy sheets to have three turns around winches不受力一侧（上风舷）缭绳缠绕在绞盘上三圈One crew member to be on the mainsheet/traveller to make sure there is no slack in the system一名水手负责主帆缭绳和主帆滑轨，确保张紧没有松弛。
Tacking迎风换舷Helm to shout “helm to lee”换舷Safety turns off the active winches 解开下风舷安全绕圈Active runner to be eased forward to guard position whilst lazy runner is ground on松开受力一侧（下风侧）的后侧支索向前滑动到保护位置，同时收紧不受力一侧（上风侧）的侧后支索滑轮On seeing the sails start to back and command “lee ho” is given 当看到前帆开始向里飘同时“lee ho”的命令给出Yankee sheet to be released first 大前帆缭绳先松开Once Yankee is through fore-triangle the Staysail is tacked over一旦大前帆通过小前帆的前支索New sheets tailed and then ground on to require sail trim新的受力一侧缭绳（下风舷）上交盘并收紧到需要的程度Sail trim to be called by crew member on bow/shrouds水手站在前甲板或侧支索处和前帆缭手沟通调整前帆
Tidy up整理Lazy runner pulled forward to the shrouds不受力一侧的侧后支索滑轮向前滑动到侧支索处Safety turns on active winches受力一侧的绞盘上绕安全圈Cockpit to be tidies up整理操作区所有缭绳5GYBING WITH WHITE SAILS(NO KITE)顺风换线（无球帆）
Preparation准备Crew member ready on main sheet，traveller to be centred主帆缭手待命，主帆滑轨调至中央Crew member ready to ease on preventer（if set）水手准备做解除主帆保险（如果已被设置）Crew members ready on Yankee sheets大前帆缭手待命
Gybing顺风换舷Helmsman shouts“ready to gybe”舵手呼喊“准备顺风换舷”Main is centred主帆收到中间If preventer is on then this is to be eased and disconnected as the main comes in如果设置了主帆保护绳，那么解除并将主帆收到中央Crew then shout“ready”水手们回应“准备好了”Helm then steers the boat into the gybe and shouts“helms to weather”舵手开始转向，并呼喊“顺风换舷”As the main flicks through the wind the helm shouts “gybe ho”当主帆越过风线的时候舵手喊“过帆”At the same time a crew member on sheets eases the yankee round as the new sheet is winched on同时，一名水手松大前帆缭绳，另一侧缭绳尽快收紧Preventer is re-connected and tailed from pit as mainsheet is swiftly eased. All slack to be ground out of preventer when mainsail is set for the required course.主帆保护绳重新接上，绞盘上的主帆缭绳快速松掉，当主帆调整到需要的角度后拉紧主帆保护绳。
Tidy upTidy all lines整理所有绳索
6REEFING缩帆
Preparation 准备工作Main halyard winch clutch opened and halyard flaked ready to run主帆升帆索夹绳器打开，主帆缭绳准备松Crew at mast ready with handy billy站在桅杆旁的船员准备“快挂”待命Crew ready on topping lift，main halyard，main sheet and reefing lines各位置待命：帆杆吊索，主帆升帆索，主帆缭绳，缩帆绳3根
VMTVang clutch open斜拉器打开Ease the mainsheet 松主帆缭绳Grind in on topping lift摇紧帆杆吊索
Reefing 缩帆Ease main halyard until luff cringle is at boom level松主帆升帆索直到帆边的索眼降到帆杆的位置Slack taken in on all reefing lines, tailed by hand拉紧所有缩帆绳Mast crew to attach handy billy to luff cringle, pull tight down to the goose neck and call “luff made”站在桅杆的水手把快挂挂到前帆边的索眼上，向下拉紧并呼喊“主帆前缘完成”Halyard is tensioned拉紧主升帆索Reefing line is tensioned拉紧所有缩帆绳
TMVTopping lift is eased松主帆杆吊索Main sheet ground on收紧主帆缭绳Vang pulled tight拉紧斜拉器
Tidy up整理Main trimmed for course根据航向调主帆Other reefing lines pulled tight and clutches closed to tidy slabs of unused sail拉紧其他索帆绳关上夹绳器Yankee and staysail halyards put back on winches if used in reefing , clutches open缩帆后空出的绞盘重新缠绕大小前帆的升帆索，张力在绞盘上，夹绳器打开 All lines tidied整理所有绳索
7Shaking out a reef解除缩帆
Preparation准备Active reefing line put on a winch and jammer opened将需要解除的缩帆绳缠绕绞盘并打开夹绳器All other reefing lines open and free to run其他所有缩帆绳打开夹绳器并整理好准备自由松开Main halyard lead to a primary winch ready to be ground up主帆升帆索套上主绞盘准备升起Mast crew ready to spike handy billy站在桅杆的水手准备刺快挂的开关
VMTVang clutch open 斜拉器打开Ease the main sheet松主帆缭绳Take up slack/grind on topping lift（just a little until clutch can be opened）拉起帆杆吊索（只需要绞一点到夹绳器打开就好）
Shaking out the reef 解除缩帆Ease out on active reefing line松开需要送掉的缩帆绳Spike the handy billy刺快挂扳机Grind up main halyard to desired tension，keeping all the reefing lines under control to prevent them tangling升主帆升帆索到合适张力，保持其他缩帆绳在控制之中防止它们缠绕在一起。
TMVTopping lift is eased帆杆吊索松掉Main sheet ground on 主帆缭绳拉紧Vang pulled tight斜拉器拉紧
Tidy up整理Transfer main halyard back to pit winch将主帆升帆索转到副绞盘上Safety turn on main halyard and flake主帆升帆索绕安全圈Reef line clutches to be shut and lines tidied缩帆绳夹绳器关闭，整理绳索
8RACING HEAD SAIL CHANGE航行中更换前帆
Preparation准备New sail to be brought on deck on the high side（windward） and tack immediately clipped on 将新帆搬到甲板上风舷，并快速系好前帆角Sail is then hanked on underneath first hank of active sail在工作帆的第一个支索挂环下面安装新帆的支索挂环At least four crew to position themselves on the low side ready for the sail to come down至少四名水手在下风舷就位准备降帆One crew member on bow ready to unhank as sail comes dawn一名水手在船艏在降帆的同时准备解开支索挂环（需要和中舱水手保持沟通）One crew member on halyard to ease the sail down一名控制升帆索的水手同步降帆
Headsail change更换前帆Pit crew to ease halyard down at the right speed for bowman to unhank中舱区水手以与前甲板手解开挂环协同的速度降帆Crew on foredeck to use “pinching hands” on the top guard wire and flake the sail on top of their legs在前甲板的水手用捏的方法将搭在护栏上的帆折到自己的腿上As soon as the clew hits the deck a crew member undoes the bowlines，ties the sheets together which are then pulled round inner forestay by crew member on the sheets in the cockpit当后帆角降到甲板上，一名水手解开单套结，并把绕前支索内侧的二侧缭绳系上The same crew member that undid the bowlines check the run of sheets and reties them to the new sail同一位水手解开单套结，并系在新帆上。As soon as bowlines are attached，the foredeck crew are in a safe position and the old sail has been secured，two crew members sweat the halyard一旦系好单套结，前甲板水手回到安全位置，并把换下的帆保护好（入帆套），二名水手开始在桅杆处向外拉升帆索 Pit crew tails the halyard from primary winch , grinder used to tension up the last bit键盘区水手将升帆索绕到绞盘上，转动绞盘拉紧升帆索Once halyard tension is achieved crew member to sheet on as bowman calls trim一旦升帆到位，缭手根据前甲板手的口令调帆
Tidy up整理
Halyard transferred back to pit winch升帆索换到的副绞盘上Cockpit crew to ensure clutch is open，safety turns on and halyard flaked键盘区水手确保夹绳器打开，在绞盘上饶安全圈，整理升帆索Foredeck crew to flake old sail and send down below前甲板水手折叠换下的帆，并搬到存帆舱内
9MAN OVERBOARD
On seeing a crewmember fall overboard，immediately shout MAN OVERBOARD!当察觉到有船员掉水，第一时间呼叫“有人落水”！（点击图片放大对比看）
欣赏由邹仁枫带来的太平洋之旅图片
转自：“赛领"微信公众号及中国帆船网。
1POINTS OF SAIL认识帆船航行角度
2HOISTING THE MAINSAIL升主帆Preparation准备工作Running backstays moved forward滑动后支索向前移动Main halyard attached主帆升帆索系上主帆上帆角（head）Reefing lines clutches and jammers open and free to run打开所有缩帆绳的夹绳器Crew member standing at goose neck to keep reefing lines under control during hoist水手站在帆杆根部整理并保持缩帆绳在升主帆过程中始终在控制之中，没有缠绕和结节
VMT（takes the weight of the boom off the sail and onto topping lift to facilitate the hoist）VMT（拉帆杆吊索将帆杆上提使其重量从帆上卸掉，以帮助升起主帆，直至帆顶角升到位）Vang clutch open斜拉器打开Ease the main sheet松主帆缭绳Grind in on topping lift用绞盘升起帆杆吊索
Hoisting （升起主帆）Two crews ready to sweat at the mast二名水手站在桅杆旁准备从内向外拉主帆升帆索One crew tailing the main halyard from a primary winch一名水手将主帆升帆索顺时针缠绕在承重最大的绞盘上Sail ties off，rest of crew either forward of the mast or behind the helm绑帆绳松开，其他水手要么站在桅杆前的甲板要么站在舵的后面，以确保安全Crew to sweat the main up as far as they can水手们尽可能快地拉动主帆升帆索升起主帆Halyard then needs to be ground onto desired tension主帆升帆索需要拉紧到需要的张力
TMV（transfers weight of boom back onto leech of sail to allow correct twist to be set with mainsheet/vang）TMV（将帆杆的重量施加到后帆边上，通过调整主帆缭绳和斜拉器来调整后帆边扭曲度至合适程度）Topping lift is eased 松开帆杆吊索Main sheet ground on 收紧主帆缭绳Vang pulled tight斜拉器拉紧
Tidy up整理Transfer main halyard back to pit winch将最大绞盘上的主帆升帆索转换到操作区副绞盘上Safety turn on main halyard and flake再缠绕几圈确保安全Reef line clutches to be shut缩帆绳固定在夹绳器上
3Hoisting Yankee or Staysail升起大前帆和前帆Preparation准备工作 Two crew at mast ready to sweat二名水手站在桅杆处准备由内向外侧拉升帆索One crew on the halyard tailing（primary or pit winch）一名水手负责将升帆索缠绕在绞盘上（大绞盘或者副绞盘）One crew ready on the sheet with three turns around the winch一名水手负责将缭绳缠绕在绞盘上三圈Sail ties off解开绑帆带Clew hung over guard rails（check and chunk）后帆角搭到护栏外侧一些 Ensure running backstay is in guard position确保滑动式后支索（侧后支索）在安全位置（安全位置是指滑动式后支索处在中间位置，可以阻挡受风后呈空中鞭打状态的前帆受力缭绳，以保护操作区水手安全）
Hoisting升前帆Sweat sail up由内向外拉桅杆处的前帆升帆索Control both sheets to minimize flogging控制二侧的前帆缭绳将空中的抽打鞭打状态控制在最小Grind halyard tension on with bowman calling tension和前甲板手的观察配合将前帆升帆索升到需要的拉力Grind on sheet after halyard tension has been set在调整好升帆索拉力后，快速收紧调整前帆缭绳Grind on sheet after halyard tension has been set在调整好升帆索拉力后，快速收紧调整前帆缭绳
Tidy up整理Staysail/yankee halyard safety turn on winch，flaked and clutches left open小前帆/大前帆升帆索绞盘上再绕安全套2-3圈，夹绳器保持打开状态，让绞盘受力，夹绳器不受力。
4TACKING 迎风换舷
Preparation准备Helmsman call“are you ready to tack？”Running backstay goes back舵手呼喊准备换舷，侧后支索向后滑动Runner is pulled back and slack taken out by hand侧后支索向后用手臂力量拉紧Lazy sheets to have three turns around winches不受力一侧（上风舷）缭绳缠绕在绞盘上三圈One crew member to be on the mainsheet/traveller to make sure there is no slack in the system一名水手负责主帆缭绳和主帆滑轨，确保张紧没有松弛。
Tacking迎风换舷Helm to shout “helm to lee”换舷Safety turns off the active winches 解开下风舷安全绕圈Active runner to be eased forward to guard position whilst lazy runner is ground on松开受力一侧（下风侧）的后侧支索向前滑动到保护位置，同时收紧不受力一侧（上风侧）的侧后支索滑轮On seeing the sails start to back and command “lee ho” is given 当看到前帆开始向里飘同时“lee ho”的命令给出Yankee sheet to be released first 大前帆缭绳先松开Once Yankee is through fore-triangle the Staysail is tacked over一旦大前帆通过小前帆的前支索New sheets tailed and then ground on to require sail trim新的受力一侧缭绳（下风舷）上交盘并收紧到需要的程度Sail trim to be called by crew member on bow/shrouds水手站在前甲板或侧支索处和前帆缭手沟通调整前帆
Tidy up整理Lazy runner pulled forward to the shrouds不受力一侧的侧后支索滑轮向前滑动到侧支索处Safety turns on active winches受力一侧的绞盘上绕安全圈Cockpit to be tidies up整理操作区所有缭绳5GYBING WITH WHITE SAILS(NO KITE)顺风换线（无球帆）
Preparation准备Crew member ready on main sheet，traveller to be centred主帆缭手待命，主帆滑轨调至中央Crew member ready to ease on preventer（if set）水手准备做解除主帆保险（如果已被设置）Crew members ready on Yankee sheets大前帆缭手待命
Gybing顺风换舷Helmsman shouts“ready to gybe”舵手呼喊“准备顺风换舷”Main is centred主帆收到中间If preventer is on then this is to be eased and disconnected as the main comes in如果设置了主帆保护绳，那么解除并将主帆收到中央Crew then shout“ready”水手们回应“准备好了”Helm then steers the boat into the gybe and shouts“helms to weather”舵手开始转向，并呼喊“顺风换舷”As the main flicks through the wind the helm shouts “gybe ho”当主帆越过风线的时候舵手喊“过帆”At the same time a crew member on sheets eases the yankee round as the new sheet is winched on同时，一名水手松大前帆缭绳，另一侧缭绳尽快收紧Preventer is re-connected and tailed from pit as mainsheet is swiftly eased. All slack to be ground out of preventer when mainsail is set for the required course.主帆保护绳重新接上，绞盘上的主帆缭绳快速松掉，当主帆调整到需要的角度后拉紧主帆保护绳。
Tidy upTidy all lines整理所有绳索
6REEFING缩帆
Preparation 准备工作Main halyard winch clutch opened and halyard flaked ready to run主帆升帆索夹绳器打开，主帆缭绳准备松Crew at mast ready with handy billy站在桅杆旁的船员准备“快挂”待命Crew ready on topping lift，main halyard，main sheet and reefing lines各位置待命：帆杆吊索，主帆升帆索，主帆缭绳，缩帆绳3根
VMTVang clutch open斜拉器打开Ease the mainsheet 松主帆缭绳Grind in on topping lift摇紧帆杆吊索
Reefing 缩帆Ease main halyard until luff cringle is at boom level松主帆升帆索直到帆边的索眼降到帆杆的位置Slack taken in on all reefing lines, tailed by hand拉紧所有缩帆绳Mast crew to attach handy billy to luff cringle, pull tight down to the goose neck and call “luff made”站在桅杆的水手把快挂挂到前帆边的索眼上，向下拉紧并呼喊“主帆前缘完成”Halyard is tensioned拉紧主升帆索Reefing line is tensioned拉紧所有缩帆绳
TMVTopping lift is eased松主帆杆吊索Main sheet ground on收紧主帆缭绳Vang pulled tight拉紧斜拉器
Tidy up整理Main trimmed for course根据航向调主帆Other reefing lines pulled tight and clutches closed to tidy slabs of unused sail拉紧其他索帆绳关上夹绳器Yankee and staysail halyards put back on winches if used in reefing , clutches open缩帆后空出的绞盘重新缠绕大小前帆的升帆索，张力在绞盘上，夹绳器打开 All lines tidied整理所有绳索
7Shaking out a reef解除缩帆
Preparation准备Active reefing line put on a winch and jammer opened将需要解除的缩帆绳缠绕绞盘并打开夹绳器All other reefing lines open and free to run其他所有缩帆绳打开夹绳器并整理好准备自由松开Main halyard lead to a primary winch ready to be ground up主帆升帆索套上主绞盘准备升起Mast crew ready to spike handy billy站在桅杆的水手准备刺快挂的开关
VMTVang clutch open 斜拉器打开Ease the main sheet松主帆缭绳Take up slack/grind on topping lift（just a little until clutch can be opened）拉起帆杆吊索（只需要绞一点到夹绳器打开就好）
Shaking out the reef 解除缩帆Ease out on active reefing line松开需要送掉的缩帆绳Spike the handy billy刺快挂扳机Grind up main halyard to desired tension，keeping all the reefing lines under control to prevent them tangling升主帆升帆索到合适张力，保持其他缩帆绳在控制之中防止它们缠绕在一起。
TMVTopping lift is eased帆杆吊索松掉Main sheet ground on 主帆缭绳拉紧Vang pulled tight斜拉器拉紧
Tidy up整理Transfer main halyard back to pit winch将主帆升帆索转到副绞盘上Safety turn on main halyard and flake主帆升帆索绕安全圈Reef line clutches to be shut and lines tidied缩帆绳夹绳器关闭，整理绳索
8RACING HEAD SAIL CHANGE航行中更换前帆
Preparation准备New sail to be brought on deck on the high side（windward） and tack immediately clipped on 将新帆搬到甲板上风舷，并快速系好前帆角Sail is then hanked on underneath first hank of active sail在工作帆的第一个支索挂环下面安装新帆的支索挂环At least four crew to position themselves on the low side ready for the sail to come down至少四名水手在下风舷就位准备降帆One crew member on bow ready to unhank as sail comes dawn一名水手在船艏在降帆的同时准备解开支索挂环（需要和中舱水手保持沟通）One crew member on halyard to ease the sail down一名控制升帆索的水手同步降帆
Headsail change更换前帆Pit crew to ease halyard down at the right speed for bowman to unhank中舱区水手以与前甲板手解开挂环协同的速度降帆Crew on foredeck to use “pinching hands” on the top guard wire and flake the sail on top of their legs在前甲板的水手用捏的方法将搭在护栏上的帆折到自己的腿上As soon as the clew hits the deck a crew member undoes the bowlines，ties the sheets together which are then pulled round inner forestay by crew member on the sheets in the cockpit当后帆角降到甲板上，一名水手解开单套结，并把绕前支索内侧的二侧缭绳系上The same crew member that undid the bowlines check the run of sheets and reties them to the new sail同一位水手解开单套结，并系在新帆上。As soon as bowlines are attached，the foredeck crew are in a safe position and the old sail has been secured，two crew members sweat the halyard一旦系好单套结，前甲板水手回到安全位置，并把换下的帆保护好（入帆套），二名水手开始在桅杆处向外拉升帆索 Pit crew tails the halyard from primary winch , grinder used to tension up the last bit键盘区水手将升帆索绕到绞盘上，转动绞盘拉紧升帆索Once halyard tension is achieved crew member to sheet on as bowman calls trim一旦升帆到位，缭手根据前甲板手的口令调帆
Tidy up整理
Halyard transferred back to pit winch升帆索换到的副绞盘上Cockpit crew to ensure clutch is open，safety turns on and halyard flaked键盘区水手确保夹绳器打开，在绞盘上饶安全圈，整理升帆索Foredeck crew to flake old sail and send down below前甲板水手折叠换下的帆，并搬到存帆舱内
9MAN OVERBOARD
On seeing a crewmember fall overboard，immediately shout MAN OVERBOARD!当察觉到有船员掉水，第一时间呼叫“有人落水”！（点击图片放大对比看）
欣赏由邹仁枫带来的太平洋之旅图片
转自：“赛领"微信公众号及中国帆船网。
