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East Sails West
The Voyage of the Keying, 1846–1855
Stephen Davies
Hong Kong University Press
The University of Hong Kong
Pokfulam Road
Hong Kong
www.hkupress.org
 Hong Kong University Press 2014
ISBN 978-988-8208-20-3 (Hardback)
All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed and bound by Liang Yu Printing Factory Ltd. in Hong Kong, China
A ship is worse than a jail. There is, in a jail, better air, better company, better conveniency of every kind; and a ship has the additional disadvantage of being in danger. When men come to like a sea-life, they are not fit to live on land.
—James Boswell, Life of Johnson
On the land a worm; on the sea a dragon.
—traditional saying of the sea people (水上人, shuˇıshàng rén)」
In memoriam
Geoffrey Bonsall
For
Elaine—best mate
and
Catalina—co-skipper of a happy, cross-cultural ship
Contents
List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgements
Introduction: Views from Different Seas
Looking at the Hong Kong Waterfront Traditional Chinese Sail 2
The Ships from the West 4
Different Ships, Different Long Splices Steaming to the Future 6
xiii xvii xxiii
1
The Coming Apogee of Square Rig 6
Why the Keying Looked So Different: Naval Architectures
Poles Apart . . . 8
. . . To an Unsympathetic Eye 14 Seafarers on the Make 19
The World of the Sailing Junk 20 Seeing the Keying 23
PART I THE VOYAGE OF THE KeyIng
Chapter 1 Origins, Purchase and Commissioning 29 The Junk and the Project 29
The Investors 33
A Chinese or British Ship?
The Cost of the Project 38
The Crew, Whampoa and Hong Kong 43 etting Ready 45
x Contents
Chapter 2 The Ship’s Name 53
Chapter 3 The Crew and the Voyage to New York 63
All Things Are Ready, If Our Mind Be So 63
The First Leg 74
Smooth Sailing at First 74
Slow Progress and Problems 80
The Second Leg 86
Another Slow Passage 86
Light Winds and a Foul Bottom 93
A Junk’s Steering System 95
The Performance of a Sailing Junk 99
At St. Helena 102
The Third Leg 104
Slower and Slower 104
Contrasted Crewing Systems 107
Crawling Northwestwards 111
A Bold Decision 112
Chapter 4 The Troubled Stay in New York 119
The Arrival 119
Entertaining the Public 124
The Keying Arrested by Her Own Crew 125
An Appeal to Congress over Light Dues 135
Understanding the Context 136
Same Ship, Different Long Splices 138
Chapter 5 The Final Leg—Towards Journey’s End 145
Leaving New York 145
The Stay in Boston 149
The Transatlantic Passage 153
The Storm and Repairs at Sea 156
Arrival in the English Channel 159
An Assessment of the Keying’s Voyage Performance 160
Chapter 6 Journey’s End: The London Stay 165
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